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Qu'est-ce que la technologie de télécontrôle ?

La technologie de télécontrôle désigne la surveillance et la commande d'objets distants. Par un procédé de conversion de signaux, des données de processus peuvent être transmises et réceptionnées depuis un ou plusieurs lieux.

Dans les années 1950, la technologie de télécontrôle était encore un « individu ». Les commandes de commutation, par exemple dans le génie énergétique, étaient transmises par téléphone analogique et le personnel les exécutait manuellement dans un poste de transformation. La « confirmation » intervenait toujours par un appel. De nos jours, ces données sont acquises de manière classique à partir d'une sous-station (API par ex.) ; celle-ci les convertit et les transmet à la station centrale ou à la technologie de gestion via différents moyens de transmission (GSM, radio ou filaire).

Pour la transmission de ces données de processus parfois très sensibles, on utilise différents protocoles de données. Les protocoles CEI 60870-5-101, -103 et -104, CEI 61850 ainsi DNP 3.0 se sont imposés comme protocoles standard notamment dans la technique d'approvisionnement.

Les exigences posées aux systèmes sont élevées. En plus d'une conception robuste, la probabilité de défaillance et les mesures particulières pour garantir la sécurité et la protection des données sont primordiales.

Exemple d'application

  • Contrôler les réseaux d'approvisionnement (électricité, gaz, eau, chauffage centralisé) dans le cadre de la technologie de contrôle des réseaux

  • Contrôle et gestion de la consommation d'énergie (compteurs de gaz, d'eau et d'électricité)